Folate-Deficiency Anemia (Child)
Folate (folic acid) is a B vitamin that your child’s body uses to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
Folate-deficiency anemia usually develops slowly. At first, children with anemia don’t have symptoms. If untreated and severe, they become tired and fussy. They may be dizzy. They may have pale lips and skin. And they may not be interested in eating and lose weight. Severe anemia can cause problems with movement and behavior. Untreated anemia can slow a child’s growth rate.
Folate-deficiency anemia is most often caused by a diet low in folic acid in people who are unable to eat a varied diet. It's rare in people who eat a healthy, varied diet. A common cause of folate deficiency occurs in people focused on only certain types of food, such as a diet with only goat's milk. It may also be caused by a digestive problem, liver disease, or certain medicines. Folate deficiency is treated by having the child eat more foods high in folate. Your child may also need to take folate supplements. With enough folate, this type of anemia is often quickly reversed. In severe cases, your child may need a blood transfusion.
Home care
Follow these guidelines when caring for your child at home:
-
The health care provider may prescribe a folic acid or B vitamin supplement. Follow the provider’s instructions for giving this medicine to your child.
-
Watch your child’s energy level. Allow your child to rest as needed.
-
Make sure that your child eats a balanced diet that has plenty of foods with folic acid. These foods include fortified breakfast cereals, breads, and other grains. Folate is also found in leafy green vegetables, beans, nuts, and some fruits.
-
Talk with your child’s provider if your child refuses to eat a balanced diet. Ask to see a nutritionist for information and guidance.
-
Tell your child’s caregivers and school officials about their condition.
Follow-up care
Follow up with your child’s health care provider, or as advised.
When to get medical advice
Contact your child's health care provider right away if your child:
-
Refuses to eat or has trouble eating.
-
Has a stomachache, diarrhea, or bloating.
-
Has symptoms that continue or get worse.
-
Has skin and lips that are still pale.
-
Has a low energy level.
Online Medical Reviewer:
Dan Brennan MD
Online Medical Reviewer:
Heather M Trevino BSN RNC
Online Medical Reviewer:
Mahammad Juber MD
Date Last Reviewed:
1/1/2025
© 2000-2025 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.